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Timeline

The Black Death arrives in Europe

1347

The Black Death arrives in Europe

The Great Fire gutted the medieval City of London

1666

The Great Fire gutted the medieval City of London

The Galvanis discover that muscles of dead frogs’ legs twitched when struck by electricity

1780

The Galvanis discover that muscles of dead frogs’ legs twitched when struck by electricity

Nerves are proposed to operate through electricity

1791

Nerves are proposed to operate through electricity

Electrical activity is detected in animal brains

1875

Electrical activity is detected in animal brains

Space travel is proposed

1898

Space travel is proposed

World War I begins

1914

World War I begins

Electroencepha-lography is used to record human brain waves

1920

Electroencepha-lography is used to record human brain waves

Treaty of Versailles takes effect

1920

Treaty of Versailles takes effect

First EEG is recorded

1924

First EEG is recorded

First human EEG is recorded

1929

First human EEG is recorded

World War 2 begins

1939

World War 2 begins

LSD is invented

1943

LSD is invented

Hiroshima and Nagasaki are bombed with first nuclear weapon

1945

Hiroshima and Nagasaki are bombed with first nuclear weapon

Holography is invented

1948

Holography is invented

DNA is discovered

1953

DNA is discovered

Hard disk drive is invented

1956

Hard disk drive is invented

Electroencepha-lography is used to record human brain waves

1956

Electroencepha-lography is used to record human brain waves

Soviet Union launches Sputnik, first satellite

1957

Soviet Union launches Sputnik, first satellite

First neuroprosthesis is distributed, the cochlear implant

1957

First neuroprosthesis is distributed, the cochlear implant

The EEC gives Europe the same economic leverage as the U.S. and Soviet Union

1958

The EEC gives Europe the same economic leverage as the U.S. and Soviet Union

NASA is founded

1958

NASA is founded

Microchip is invented

1958

Microchip is invented

Fidel Castro installs the first communist regime in the Western Hemisphere

1959

Fidel Castro installs the first communist regime in the Western Hemisphere

The Pill, an oral contraceptive, is approved in the U.S.

1960

The Pill, an oral contraceptive, is approved in the U.S.

José Delgado theatrically used a brain implant to stop a charging bull

1960

José Delgado theatrically used a brain implant to stop a charging bull

The Berlin Wall is constructed

1961

The Berlin Wall is constructed

First Man in Space - Yuri Gagarin

1961

First Man in Space - Yuri Gagarin

Valentina Tereshkova becomes first woman in space

1963

Valentina Tereshkova becomes first woman in space

Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique, a milestone for feminism

1963

Betty Friedan publishes The Feminine Mystique, a milestone for feminism

The Beatles release their first album, Please Please Me

1963

The Beatles release their first album, Please Please Me

Music for Solo Performer uses EEG and analog processing hardware to stimulate percussion instruments.

1965

Music for Solo Performer uses EEG and analog processing hardware to stimulate percussion instruments.

Sony produces the first integrated radio circuit

1966

Sony produces the first integrated radio circuit

Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry is released

1966

Star Trek by Gene Roddenberry is released

Joe Kamiya performs first EEG neurofeedback training

1968

Joe Kamiya performs first EEG neurofeedback training

First computers are connected to the Internet

1969

First computers are connected to the Internet

Monkey controls the needle of a meter using only its mind

1969

Monkey controls the needle of a meter using only its mind

Humans land on the moon

1969

Humans land on the moon

UCLA is funded by the National Science Foundation to conduct BCI research

1970

UCLA is funded by the National Science Foundation to conduct BCI research

Genetic engineering is invented

1973

Genetic engineering is invented

Jacques Vidal coins the term Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

1973

Jacques Vidal coins the term Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)

Work on GPS is approved by the U.S. Department of Defense

1973

Work on GPS is approved by the U.S. Department of Defense

The first personal computer is created

1974

The first personal computer is created

First invasive brain implant is administered to a human

1978

First invasive brain implant is administered to a human

Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn create the Internet

1974

Vinton Cerf and Robert Kahn create the Internet

Noninvasive EEG control of a robot

1988

Noninvasive EEG control of a robot

CNV controls in a feedback loop the S2 buzzer in the S1-S2-CNV paradigm

1990

CNV controls in a feedback loop the S2 buzzer in the S1-S2-CNV paradigm

The space shuttle Discovery deploys the Hubble Space telescope

1990

The space shuttle Discovery deploys the Hubble Space telescope

Sensorimotor Rythms (SMR)-based BCI

1991

Sensorimotor Rythms (SMR)-based BCI

Motor-imagery (MI)-based BCI

1993

Motor-imagery (MI)-based BCI

Amazon is founded

1994

Amazon is founded

Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)-based BCI

1995

Steady State Visual Evoked Potentials (SSVEP)-based BCI

Google is founded

1998

Google is founded

Slow Cortical Potential (SCP)-based BCI

1999

Slow Cortical Potential (SCP)-based BCI

Common Spatial Patterns are proposed

2000

Common Spatial Patterns are proposed

Wikipedia is founded

2001

Wikipedia is founded

Terrorists attack Twin Towers on 9/11

2001

Terrorists attack Twin Towers on 9/11

BCIs are first commercialized

2002

BCIs are first commercialized

Elon Musk founded SpaceX

2002

Elon Musk founded SpaceX

Functional Near Infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS) is introduced

2002

Functional Near Infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS) is introduced

Tesla is founded

2003

Tesla is founded

Facebook is founded

2004

Facebook is founded

NeuroSky system is released

2007

NeuroSky system is released

iPhone launches

2007

iPhone launches

ElectroCortico-Graphy (ecog)

2008

ElectroCortico-Graphy (ecog)

Microsoft introduces the Hololens

2010

Microsoft introduces the Hololens

MagicLeap is founded

2010

MagicLeap is founded

Neural stimulation may restore functional connectively and associated behaviors

2010

Neural stimulation may restore functional connectively and associated behaviors

Jacques Vidal gives lecture in Austria presenting the first BCI

2011

Jacques Vidal gives lecture in Austria presenting the first BCI

CRISPR-Cas9 is developed to edit genes

2012

CRISPR-Cas9 is developed to edit genes

Oculus releases their first VR sytem

2012

Oculus releases their first VR sytem

DARPA funds BCI technology through the BRAIN initiative

2013

DARPA funds BCI technology through the BRAIN initiative

Google Glass is introduced

2013

Google Glass is introduced

Muse wearable is introduced

2014

Muse wearable is introduced

The International BCI Society is founded

2015

The International BCI Society is founded

Elon Musk introduces Neuralink

2016

Elon Musk introduces Neuralink

Snap Spectacles are announced

2016

Snap Spectacles are announced

Kernel is founded

2016

Kernel is founded

OpenBCI: Biosensing for Everybody is released

2017

OpenBCI: Biosensing for Everybody is released

Mendi: real brain training system is released

2020

Mendi: real brain training system is released

Coronavirus pandemic kills 3 million in one year

2020

Coronavirus pandemic kills 3 million in one year

Make 100: create your own Brain Computer Interface is released

2020

Make 100: create your own Brain Computer Interface is released

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